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Communication Protocol Specification and Verification
Communication protocols are rules whereby meaningful communication can be exchanged between different communicating entities.In general, they are complex and difficult to design and implement.Specifications of communication protocols written in a natural language (e.g.English) can be unclear or ambiguous, and may be subject to different interpretations.As a result, independent implementations of the same protocol may be incompatible.In addition, the complexity of protocols make them very hard to analyze in an informal way.There is, therefore, a need for precise and unambiguous specification using some formal languages. Many protocol implementations used in the field have almost suffered from failures, such as deadlocks.When the conditions in which the protocols work correctly have been changed, there has been no general method available for determining how they will work under the new conditions.It is necessary for protocol designers to have techniques and tools to detect errors in the early phase of design, because the later in the process that a fault is discovered, the greater the cost of rectifying it. Protocol verification is a process of checking whether the interactions of protocol entities, according to the protocol specification, do indeed satisfy certain properties or conditions which may be either general (e.g., absence of deadlock) or specific to the particular protocol system directly derived from the specification. In the 80s, an ISO (International Organization for Standardization) working group began a programme of work to develop formal languages which were suitable for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI).This group called such languages Formal Description Techniques (FDTs).Some of the objectives of ISO in developing FDTs were: enabling unambiguous, clear and precise descriptions of OSI protocol standards to be written, and allowing such specifications to be verified for correctness.There aretwo FDTs standardized by ISO: LOTOS and Estelle. Communication Protocol Specification and Verification is written to address the two issues discussed above: the needs to specify a protocol using an FDT and to verify its correctness in order to uncover specification errors in the early stage of a protocol development process.The readership primarily consists of advanced undergraduate students, postgraduate students, communication software developers, telecommunication engineers, EDP managers, researchers and software engineers.It is intended as an advanced undergraduate or postgraduate textbook, and a reference for communication protocol professionals.
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Women in Mass Communication : Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion
This fourth edition of Women in Mass Communication addresses the myriad changes in media and mass communication disciplines in relation to women over the last five decades. This volume traces the history of diversity, equity, and inclusion for women in media, enabling greater understanding of global discourses and inequities, exploring transnational feminism, offering criticism of underlying structures, and calling for meaningful changes to media systems.With particular emphasis on educational and professional approaches to media communication, the book brings together a wide variety of specific topics and connects them through an intersectional feminist lens that values diversity, equity, and inclusion while exposing global systemic misogyny.The volume features 23 authors with a variety of backgrounds and perspectives from Australia, Germany, Ghana, Kenya, Korea, New Zealand, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom, and the United States.This fourth edition focuses on marginalization practices—race, ethnicity, LGBTQ+, social class, and in multiple societies—providing insight into identity and difference in a global context.An important text for students and scholars examining gender in relation to mass communication, media studies, and journalism, as well as those exploring wider issues of diversity, equity, and inclusion within these disciplines.
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Diversity and Inclusion in Global Higher Education
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Introducing Intercultural Communication : Global Cultures and Contexts
Taking a global and critical perspective, this textbook presents the concepts, theories and applications from the field of intercultural communication in a lively and easy-to-follow style. Covering all the essential topics, from immigration and intercultural conflict, to intercultural health communication and communication in the workplace, this cutting-edge 4th edition: Explains the key theories and concepts you need to know. Brings theory to life with a range of global case studies. Ties key ideas and debates to the reality of intercultural skills and practice. Adds a new chapter on intercultural communication and business. Expands coverage of topical areas such as health and crisis communication and virtual communication in the workplace. Introducing Intercultural Communication is the ideal guide to becoming a critical consumer of information and an effective global citizen.It is essential reading for students of intercultural communication across media and communication studies, and international business and management.
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What is a construction specification?
A construction specification is a detailed description of the materials, workmanship, and standards required for a construction project. It outlines the quality and performance criteria for the materials and work to be used, as well as the methods and procedures to be followed during construction. Specifications are typically included in the contract documents and serve as a guide for contractors to ensure that the project is built to the desired standards and requirements. They help to ensure that the finished project meets the expectations of the owner and complies with building codes and regulations.
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What is the difference between intercultural and multicultural?
Intercultural refers to interactions and communication between people from different cultures, focusing on the exchange and understanding of different cultural perspectives. It emphasizes the process of learning and adapting to different cultural norms and values. On the other hand, multicultural refers to the coexistence of multiple cultures within a society, emphasizing the diversity and variety of cultural backgrounds present in a given community. It focuses on the recognition and celebration of different cultural traditions and identities. In summary, intercultural emphasizes the interaction and understanding between cultures, while multicultural emphasizes the coexistence and diversity of cultures within a society.
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What does the specification n100o mean?
The specification n100o means that the writer should write a narrative that is 100 words long. The "n" stands for narrative, indicating the type of writing, and the number 100 specifies the word count. This type of specification helps writers to be concise and focused on delivering a brief narrative within the given word limit.
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What does the specification c05lmolerlaeutere mean?
The specification c05lmolerlaeutere is likely a typo or a random string of characters that does not have a specific meaning in any known context. It does not correspond to any standard coding language or format, so it is difficult to determine its intended purpose without further information.
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Utility Communication Networks and Services : Specification, Deployment and Operation
This CIGRE green book begins by addressing the specification and provision of communication services in the context of operational applications for electrical power utilities, before subsequently providing guidelines on the deployment or transformation of networks to deliver these specific communication services.Lastly, it demonstrates how these networks and their services can be monitored, operated, and maintained to ensure that the requisite high level of service quality is consistently achieved.
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Intercultural Health Communication
Intercultural Health Communication brings together the fields of health and intercultural research in new work from leading communication scholars.This book is based on two premises: neither health nor culture is a neutral concept.The authors of this collection employ critical, qualitative, and interpretive research methodologies in order to engage the political and intersectional nature of health and culture simultaneously.Changing notions of healthy behaviors (or ill health) are not just a matter of knowledge; they live inside discourses about the body, aesthetics, science, and the world.We see this book as an important step towards developing a more transnational view of health communication.Intercultural Health Communication ties together the critical public health with critical intercultural communication.Through these connections, the authors engage the health research in, amongst others: HIV, cancer, trauma, celiac disease, radioactive pollution, food politics, and prenatal care.Intercultural Health Communication emerges from a broad need to address connections and challenges to incorporating health communication with intercultural communication approaches.After compiling this book, we see ready connections to public health, global studies, gender and sexuality studies and ethnic studies.In this day and age, nation states have to be considered within the broader frameworks of globalization, transnationalism and global health.We recognize that the contemporary health issues require an understanding of culture as integral towards eliminating health disparities.
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An Introduction to Intercultural Communication : Identities in a Global Community
An Introduction to Intercultural Communication prepares students to successfully navigate our increasingly interconnected global community by introducing essential communication skills and concepts.In the latest Eleventh Edition, best-selling author Fred E.Jandt offers unique insights into intercultural communication, at home and abroad, through a focus on history, culture, and popular media.
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Cultivating Intercultural Communication Awareness : Activities for the Global Englishes Classroom
In an increasingly interconnected world, supporting students as they learn to communicate in linguistically diverse intercultural settings is a significant aim of English language and international education.To address this educational objective, this book breaks down the complexities associated with global English in intercultural communication and it challenges conventional educational focuses through activities that promote intercultural awareness and citizenship. The resource book offers pre-service teachers and educators a range of activities grounded in contemporary perspectives on Global Englishes, intercultural learning, and intercultural citizenship education.The book shifts the focus from teaching to imitate native-like proficiency by providing educators with practices and ideas to develop students who are globally aware, can handle complexities of communicating using English as a lingua franca (ELF), and can act as responsible intercultural citizens in a globalised society.Around 120 practical activities are presented for use in supplementing existing curricula or in the design of new learning programmes. This book is a key resource for pre-service teachers and educators involved in English language education, international education, and intercultural education, as well as for scholars and instructors of applied linguistics, TESOL preparation programmes, and teacher education programmes.
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Is it often a quantity specification?
No, "often" is not a quantity specification. Instead, it is an adverb that indicates frequency or likelihood. It is used to describe how frequently something occurs or how likely something is to happen. For example, "I often go for a run in the morning" or "It often rains in the spring."
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What does this mhd specification mean?
The MHD specification refers to a type of file format used for storing and transmitting data related to scientific and engineering simulations. MHD stands for Magnetohydrodynamics, which is a branch of physics that studies the behavior of electrically conducting fluids, such as plasmas and liquid metals, in the presence of magnetic fields. Therefore, the MHD specification likely includes information about the physical properties, numerical methods, and boundary conditions used in simulating magnetohydrodynamic phenomena. This file format is important for researchers and engineers working in fields such as astrophysics, fusion energy, and plasma physics.
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What is the correct age specification?
The correct age specification depends on the context. For example, when it comes to age restrictions for purchasing alcohol or tobacco, the legal age specification may vary by country or region. In terms of age requirements for certain activities or services, such as driving, voting, or joining the military, the age specification is typically set by law. It's important to check the specific laws and regulations in your area to determine the correct age specification for different activities or responsibilities.
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What is the online color mixing specification?
The online color mixing specification refers to the process of digitally combining different colors to create a new color. This can be done using various tools and software that allow users to select and blend different hues, saturations, and values to achieve the desired color. The specification typically includes options to adjust the RGB (red, green, blue) values, as well as the hue, saturation, and lightness of the colors being mixed. Additionally, users may have the ability to input specific color codes or use a color picker tool to select colors from a palette.
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